不同类型技术进步的节能减排绩效及其动态变化

运用非参数SML生产率指数模型,测算了1994—2014年中国35个工业行业的基于绿色增长的技术进步,并采用面板模型对按能耗与碳排放分组的行业分别进行能耗强度和CO_2排放强度回归。结果表明:生产前沿的科技创新是推动中国工业绿色全要素生产率提高的主动力,前沿科技创新的节能降耗绩效最高,纯技术效率的CO_2减排绩效最高;技术进步的节能降耗效应与CO_2减排效应具有非对称性,技术进步的CO_2减排绩效大于其节能降耗绩效;能源消费结构调整的CO_2减排绩效大于其节能降耗绩效。     

蒙皮天线的浅介质腔体散射特性分析

随着隐身技术的不断发展,天线雷达散射截面(RCS)的缩减成为实现低散射平台电磁隐身特性的关键。蒙皮天线是天线RCS缩减的重要技术方向,而腔体散射又是蒙皮天线难以避开的问题,因此,介质浅腔的RCS缩减是实现低RCS天线的重要保障。通过仿真软件FEKO对浅腔、介质及介质浅腔的散射特性进行研究,得到了介质浅腔散射随介质浅腔深度呈现单调变化的条件,给出了一种具有低RCS值的菱形介质浅腔设计方法。该方法利用天线电性能及介质浅腔隐身性能对介质板厚度呈现单调变化的特性,在满足天线驻波比要求的基础上,通过尽量减薄介质基板的厚度实现介质浅腔RCS的缩减。实测结果表明,通过上述方法设计的介质浅腔的RCS得到了接近10 dB的缩减效果。     

促进节能减排的非线性四轮驱动分析——以浙江省为例

文章通过对浙江省能源资源、经济社会发展等方面统计数据的系统分析,提出了依靠能源结构、产业结构的双重优化、调整,节能减排技术、管理水平的运用、提升,以提高全社会的能源利用效率、减少污染物排放,进而实现浙江经济-能源-环境协调发展的思路,从而促使“线性的、数量驱动”的经济社会节能减排向“非线性的、全方位质量驱动”的方向发展。     

基于失效风险的建筑物预防维修成本模型优化

建筑物预防性维修成本的最优控制问题,是企业现代化经营管理的一个重要组成部分,直接影响到企业的经济效益。针对承受重复荷载作用的建筑构件,失效概率随服役时间增加而增大的实际情况,提出了失效风险的概念。采用役龄回退因子描述了维修后失效概率降低的程度,在此基础上推算出满足可靠度约束条件,适用于特定时间段非等间隔检测期序列,计算出单位维修周期内的检测次数。通过对维修成本函数的分析,建立了基于等失效风险状态的维修成本优化模型。为房屋物业管理部门进行建筑物的维修和更换决策提供参考依据。     

The impact of agricultural research on productivity and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa

While it is widely recognized that agricultural research is a key driver of broad-based technological change in agriculture that benefits the poor in many different ways, little is known about its aggregate impacts on productivity growth and poverty reduction in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Using a polynomial distributed lag structure for agricultural research within a simultaneous system of equations framework, this paper first demonstrates that agricultural research contributes significantly to productivity growth in SSA. Productivity growth is again shown to raise per capita incomes, with income increases finally having significant poverty-reducing effects. With an aggregate rate of return of 55%, the payoffs to agricultural research are also impressive. Agricultural research currently reduces the number of poor by 2.3 million or 0.8% annually. While the actual impacts are not large enough to more than offset the poverty-increasing effects of population growth and environmental degradation, the potential impacts of agricultural research are far greater. Apart from low research investments, SSA faces several constraints outside the research system that hinder realization of potential research benefits. The results show that doubling research investments in SSA would reduce poverty by 9% annually. However, this would not be realized without more efficient extension, credit, and input supply systems.     

节能减排技术创新的金融支持研究

本文认为,企业是否进行节能减排技术创新与其是否能从中获利有关,而金融机构是否倾向给企业风险投资则与社会中开展节能减排技术创新的比例有关。模型分析得出:环保企业进行节能减排技术创新时的最优资金投入量不仅取决于自身以及竞争企业的节能减排情况,还取决于政府对节能减排技术创新的政策扶持,同时受限于消费公众对节能减排的认识和接受程度。     

乙醛酸合成对羟基苯乙酸的研究

研究了由乙醛酸和苯酚合成对羟基扁桃酸钠后,再经亚磷酸还原,合成对羟基苯乙酸的工艺。研究结果表明:在合适的工艺条件下,由乙醛酸到对羟基苯乙酸的摩尔收率达60.1%。对羟基苯乙酸的质量分数可以达到99%。该法原料来源广,产品质量好,具有较好的发展前景。     

绿色技术创新对城市碳减排影响的区域差异和收敛性——来自地级市层面的经验证据

运用我国299个城市的面板数据构建空间杜宾模型,实证研究绿色技术创新对城市碳排放影响的区域差异性和收敛性。结果表明：我国绿色技术创新可以降低碳排放水平,且存在空间关联效应。横向来看,不同区域的绿色技术创新对碳排放的影响具有明显的区域差异性,东部、长三角、珠三角等经济发达地区的影响效应更强,中西部、京津冀等地区相对较弱。纵向来看,2015年以来绿色技术创新对碳排放影响的区域差异持续收敛,根源在于区域经济发展差距的缩小。未来持续推进绿色技术创新、缩小区域发展差距是实现“双碳”目标的必由之路。     

民营企业参与国防科技工业的知识产权保护问题研究——以陕西宝鸡专用汽车有限公司为例

研究参与国防科技工业的民营企业的国防知识产权保护问题,对于破解制约科技创新和科技体制改革深层次问题具有重要的现实意义。我国民营企业参与国防科技工业知识产权的生成、权属及利益分配现状要求我们尽快出台可操作性强、适用范围广的国防知识产权制度,通过发挥政府引导协调功能,运用行政力量推进知识产权保护工作,构建企业专利网、组建专利联盟等方式促进知识产权信息交流,增强企业自主创新能力,推进专利技术产业化进程。     

Antecedents and consequences of consumers' attribution style: Measuring the impact of negative celebrity information

This study investigates the antecedents and consequences of consumers' attribution styles in the evaluation of negative celebrity information. In its evaluation of negative celebrity information, this study examines the effects of consumers' different attribution styles, level of identification with a celebrity endorser, and level of brand commitment. To test its hypotheses, the study employs a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subject factorial design. The three factors are attribution style, level of identification with a celebrity endorser, and level of brand commitment. Conducted through the Internet, the experiment recruited a total of 229 students from a southwestern university in the USA. The study found that people making dispositional attributions judged the endorsed brand more negatively than those making situational attributions. Confronted with negative celebrity information, consumers who identified highly with the celebrity were likely to maintain a positive attitude toward a brand and continue purchasing it. In the same conditions, people with high brand commitment showed more positive brand evaluation as well as higher purchase intention than people with low brand commitment. The research findings contribute to a better understanding of the effects of negative celebrity information on consumer attitudes and beliefs.